Designing A Research Design For Public Administration...

In this response, first, I am going to define conceptualization and operationalization concepts. Second, I will list out different strategies and methods that could be used to carry out a research design in public administration research and briefly identify them. Third, I will explain the essential differences between the way one conceptualizes and operationalizes a hypothesis or research question in terms of which research strategy and methodology one uses to carry out the research. In public administration research, conceptualization is the method of development and interpretation of concepts, which is â€Å"choosing and formulating† of a research problem (pg. number?). Operationalization is a process of defining the dimension of a sensation that is not directly determinate, though its presence is specified by other phenomena, this lies the path for an empirical mode of research. By using conceptualization research method, problems are always chosen on the basis of several fundamentals. First, problems can base on researchers’ interests and preceding information based on knowledge and favorites. Second, documented scientific knowledge. The way to research the knowledge that has previously been conducted is to apply the empirical cycle induction, make connections, test and relate the theoretical framework in place, exam a theory of curiosity, use deductive research modes, and experiment the validity of the hypothesis that is previously given. Third,Show MoreRelatedTarget Brand And Position Target Corporation827 Words   |  4 Pagesand implement a comprehensive public relations plan and timeline that fits the budget, targets the desired markets and promotes the company. The objectives of our promotional efforts will be to increase awareness of the Target brand and position Target Corporation as a positive, vital force in the community. As well as to increase positive recognition, enthusiasm and support for Target Corporation as a leader in the delivery of quality goods. This strong, working public relations plan will includeRead MoreApplication Of An Software For Soft Ware Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagesrequired for the development of soft-ware. A technical document will be prepared and sent for evaluation to the certified soft-ware professional to check the accuracy and feasibility of the software solution. The similar software will be procured through public procurement, and users will be tested on the platform, which are going to avail and offer the services. Then they will be inter-viewed again to know their viewpoints on the platform. The biggest challenge for us is to examine their satisfaction levelRead MoreProject Delivery System For The State Of Texas1103 Words   |  5 Pagessimilar projects or the owners can obtain data from research conducted by scholars/organizations. 5.1 Comparison of PDS based on project data from private industry A comparison of 2009 ENR Best Projects in Texas to determine the impact of Project delivery systems that are commonly used in the state of Texas. The project delivery system under this study are Design-bid-build, Competitive Sealed Proposal, Construction Manager at Risk, Design-build, Design-build-Bridging, and Job Order Contracting. HoweverRead MoreThe Logical Framework Approach ( Lfa )1611 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the pros and cons of the LFA and respond to critiques developed against it with reference from national and/or international development projects. †¢ Origin Management tools have a wide array of use, ranging from the field of business administration to international development. Amongst various management tools, the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) stands out as a widely employed tool in the field of international development. In 1969 the Logical Framework Approach was developed for the UnitedRead MoreMy Dream Job1472 Words   |  6 Pagessufficient to advise and assist its regional and international managers on ensuring performance essential to the functions of their operating environment or region. Reviews and validates continuity plans for compliance with Federal Emergency Management Administration requirements, Coordinates with or serves as the principal liaison and designee of the Corporation representing its national and international subsidiaries, represent the corporation to Emergency Management Center, FEMA, and other Government agenciesRead MoreEthical Concerns Of Autonomous Vehicles1716 Words   |  7 Pages ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ Ethical Concerns for Autonomous Vehicles The Issues with Designing the Perfect Driver Bob Jack University of North Texas Author Note This paper was prepared for Social Issues in Computing, CSCE 4010, Section 1, taught by Ian Brooks.â€Æ' Abstract At the rate our technology develops, it’s difficult to keep up with the issues and concerns that result from our creations. Over the past few years, the development of the driverless car has moved closer to reality. In 2012, Google’s driverlessRead MoreThe Approach Of Behavior Modification Within Classrooms924 Words   |  4 PagesBehaviorism,† developed the theory of operant conditioning (Langa, 2014). In his research, Skinner used reinforcements and punishments to support his theory of operant conditioning (Langa, 2014). Punishments, which Skinner believed could be used to decrease the probability of a certain behavior happening repeatedly, could be defined as the granting of displeasing stimulants (Langa, 2014). Throughout his research, Skinner found that behaviors that are reinforced, or supported and acknowledged,Read MoreInternational Conference Of Regulatory Agencies And Industries From Europe ( Eu ), Japan, And The United States1377 Words   |  6 P agesregulatory agencies of the EU, US, and Japan including the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), which has established regulations of GCP to enhance its oversight on clinical trials involving humans, and offer detailed information for interested parties such as the sponsor, investigator, and the Institutional Review Boards (IRB)/Institutional Ethics Committees (IEC), in order to guide them in the process of designing, conduction, and reporting clinical trials for any medical products that areRead MoreNatural Food Verses Genetically Modified Foods1271 Words   |  5 Pageschemicals, coloring, and additives that were in the food I was eating and putting into my body. Instead I was focused on watching cartoons before the rest of the family was awake. Whereas nowadays I catch myself reading every label, conducting my own research, and learning more about the genetically modified food we consume daily while also trying to avoid them. On one end of the spectrum we have genetically modified Foods. These foods are exactly what their names states; they have been geneticallyRead MoreSwot Analysis : Marriott International, Inc.1421 Words   |  6 Pagescompetition. Qualitative research is one marketing method used to collect data. Qualitative research is used to gain a deep understanding of a specific organization or event, rather than surface description of a large sample of a population. Qualitative research aims to provide an explicit rendering of the structure, order, and broad patterns found among a group of participants. Qualitative research generates data about human groups in social settings. Qualitative research aims to get a better understanding

Not All Conspiracies are Imaginary Essay - 5743 Words

Not All Conspiracies are Imaginary Almost as an article of faith, some individuals believe that conspiracies are either kooky fantasies or unimportant aberrations. To be sure, wacko conspiracy theories do exist. There are people who believe that the United States has been invaded by a secret United Nations army equipped with black helicopters, or that the country is secretly controlled by Jews or gays or feminists or black nationalists or communists or extraterrestrial aliens. But it does not logically follow that all conspiracies are imaginary. Conspiracy is a legitimate concept in law: the collusion of two or more people pursuing illegal means to effect some illegal or immoral end. People go to jail for committing conspiratorial†¦show more content†¦They have repeatedly announced their commitment to seeing that quot;free-market reformsquot; are introduced in Eastern Europe. Their economic aid is channeled almost exclusively into the private sector. The same policy holds for the monies intended for other countries. Thus, as of the end of 1995, quot;more than $4.5 million U.S. aid to Haiti has been put on hold because the Aristide government has failed to make progress on a program to privatize state-owned companiesquot; (New York Times 11/25/95). Those who suffer from conspiracy phobia are fond of saying: quot;Do you actually think theres a group of people sitting around in a room plotting things?quot; For some reason that image is assumed to be so patently absurd as to invite only disclaimers. But where else would people of power get together - on park benches or carousels? Indeed, they meet in rooms: corporate boardrooms, Pentagon command rooms, at the Bohemian Grove, in the choice dining rooms at the best restaurants, resorts, hotels, and estates, in the many conference rooms at the White House, the NSA, the CIA, or wherever. And, yes, they consciously plot - though they call it quot;planningquot; and quot;strategizingquot; - and they do so in great secrecy, often resisting all efforts at public disclosure. No one confabulates and plans more than political and corporate elites and their hired specialists. To make the world safe for those who own it, politically active elements of theShow MoreRelatedThe Wizard Of Oz By L. F rank Baum1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe conspiracy regarding the Illuminati has circulated for several years. This theory states that, â€Å"there is a ‘global elite’ society that is either in control or seeking to take control of the world† (Citation). Beliefs regarding the Illuminati conspiracy are prevalent in recent books and movies, reaching the cult fiction perception. A significant example is The Wizard of Oz, written by L. Frank Baum. The history behind The Wizard of Oz proves that this story line has had an essential role in theRead MoreMachiavelli Plato Rebuplic Prince Comparison1419 Words   |  6 Pagesimage in his writings The Prince and state my view whether a true guardian or a harsh ruler is suitable for the mankind. First of all, it is important to clarify that Plato pays attention to create a utopian world. His idealistic approach aims to provide the perfect society, mostly concerning with how things should be. However, Machiavelli is not concerned in imaginary societies where everything is in an ideal state. He is a realist thinker, interested in how things were in everyday reality not howRead MoreLet’s just assume that the ultimate goal of United States’ absolutely vile public school system is600 Words   |  3 Pagessystem is not to create an army of mindless, insipid, obedient workers that specialise in the completion of mundane and menial laborious tasks to help blindly build a malevolent dystopian corpocratic regime. But shocking and uncomfortably plausible conspiracy theories aside, let us begin by observing and acknowledging the massive flaws of the US’ public education system. There are several aspects surrounding the reasons and evidence of the belief that massive dysfunction, the incursion of the 13th amendmentRead MoreA Very Old Man With Enormous Wings And Bless Me, Ultima892 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage and religion develops a sense throughout the story to put into the real world, rather than some imaginary place, along with magical elements. Similarly in â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings†, it also showcases religion, specifically Catholicism. It demonstrates an old man with wings, who people are making assumptions he is an angel or even a fugitive survivor of a celestial conspiracy. However at the same time the old man is considered how â€Å"he is too much human† and â€Å"nothing about him measuredRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash1498 Words   |  6 Pagessoviet codes found in newspapers. He begins to become more and more paranoid about having the Russians chasing after him and that there is a large conspiracy going on. He is eventually forcibly sent to a mental institution to be treated for paranoid schizophrenia . After treatment, he slowly comes to terms with the fact that many parts of his life were all in his head, and that he needs to move past them. At the end of the film, he is given the Nobel Prize for his contributions to business . (210) Read MoreTheme Of Mass Hysteria In The Crucible1032 Words   |  5 Pagesvillagers that witchcraft is being practiced by those in their midst. Mass hysteria is defined in Witchcraft and Mass Hysteria in Terms of Current Psychological Theories as â€Å"a phenomenon that transmits collective illusions of threats, whether real or imaginary, through a population in society as a result of rumors and fear† (Wolf 23-28). As written by Gary Small M.D. in â€Å"Mass Hysteria Can Strike Anywhere, Anytime†, â€Å"Most often, the outbreaks afflict children and teenagers, girls more than boys, and faintingRead MoreA Dsm-Iv Diagnosis as Applied to the Portrayed Character John Nash in the Film1312 Words   |  6 Pagesthe disease, although the film does not give a completely historically accurate account. In the film, John Nash would fall into the category of a paranoid schizophrenic, portraying all the symptoms that are typical for this illness. Nash suffers delusions of persecut ion, believing that there is a government conspiracy against him. He believes that because he is supposedly a secret agent working for the government breaking Soviet codes, and that the KGB was out to get him. In addition to these delusionsRead MoreEssay on Loss of Innocence 1352 Words   |  6 Pagesit is a conspiracy, and denies it because he cannot participate in it. The fall from the tree creates Finny’s fall from innocence yet he does not mature until his death. His lack of hatred and evil delay his loss of innocence. He is in denial with himself and refuses to believe that Gene was responsible for his injury. Finny’s first step toward maturity occurs when he sees what the war has done to Leper. â€Å"When I heard that about Leper, then I knew that the war was real, this war and all the warsRead MoreTheme of Fear in George Orwells Novels Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagesacts’ punishment cause members to discard opposing thoughts, permitting tyrannical aut hority to continue controlling citizens. The Party slogans are another insightful factor to examine. â€Å"Ignorance is Strength,† â€Å"War is Peace,† and â€Å"Slavery is Freedom† all induce fear and control the populace of Oceania. Power is gained and sustained by citizen’s ignorance to government manipulation. Lack of knowledge is retained by enslaving the citizens to obey laws without questioning. Citizens’ ignorance causes themRead MoreThe Political Ideology Of Joseph Stalin1424 Words   |  6 Pagesoppression of the time period. To best understand the time period, and the experiences of Soviet writers, the cultural and political climate must be understood as well. Post revolutionary Russia was filled with hope for the future, hope for change, all of which which came crashing down around the writers. This time period is best explained in the book Popular Opinion in Stalin’s Russia in which the Sarah Davies writes, â€Å"In this period of social flux and purging, those at the top could easily end up

Essay on Pro-Death Penalty - 1026 Words

Thousands of people will attack the death penalty. They will give emotional speeches about the one innocent man or woman who might accidentally get an execution sentence. However, all of these people are forgetting one crucial element. They are forgetting the thousands of victims who die every year by the hands of heartless murderers. There are more murderers out there than people who are wrongly convicted, and that is what we must remember. I, as well as many others, have total confidence in the death penalty. It is a very beneficial component of our justice system. The death penalty saves lives. It saves lives because it stops those who murder from ever murdering again. It also deters potential murderers from ever committing the crime.†¦show more content†¦Jaime, a beautiful twenty-year-old college student at SUNY Binghamton, had been walking back to her dorm after class when she was abducted by Duffy at gunpoint. Wearing a black ski mask and gloves, Jaimes friends were unable to identify him. Having no idea who this man was, they watched in horror as Jaime was grabbed, threatened, and taken away. Jaime was thrown into the front seat of a red Nissan Sentra with no license plates. Later that day, the police located the vehicle, which had been reported stolen, but Jaime and her abductor where nowhere to be found. There was not a single trace of evidence except for the fact that the car was stolen from Jaimes hometown community. Weeks went by and there were still no answers until the day two women, from Syracuse University, were abducted at gunpoint, the same way that Jaime was. The police soon realized that the three kidnappings had significant connections linking them together. These three women had all gone to high school together. Not only did they go to the same high school, they had all dated the same man at one point in time- Brian Duffy. It wasnt long before police tracked him down for questioning. Brian Duffy was arrested in April of 1997 for the rape and murder of my cousin Jaime and the twoShow MoreRelatedPro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty789 Words   |  4 Pages Death Penalty The death penalty has been a debated topic for decades. Many people believe that it serves justice to the person being executed, while others think that it does no good for either party. However, I believe the three most outstanding topics surround the death penalty are the cost of death vs. life in prison, attorney quality, and irrevocable mistakes. The first topic surrounding the death penalty is the cost of death vs. life in prison. This is a bigRead MoreDeath Penalty Pros and Cons1636 Words   |  7 Pages Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty The death penalty is a legal process whereby a person is put to death as a punishment for a crime. The death penalties are usually carried out for retribution of a heinous murder committed, such as aggravated murder, felony killing or contract killing. Every state handles what method they want to use to put a person to death according to their state laws. The death penalty is given by lethal injection, electrocution; gas chamber firing squad and hanging areRead More Pro Death Penalty Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment and the practice of the death penalty is an issue that is passionately debated in the United States. Opponents of the death penalty claim that capital punishment is unnecessary since a life sentence accomplishes the same objective. What death penalty opponents neglect to tell you is that convicted murders and child rapists escape from prison every year(List of prison escapes, 2015). As I write this essay, police are searching for two convicted murders wh o escaped from the ClintonRead MorePro Death Penalty Speech1595 Words   |  7 PagesPro Death Penalty Persuasive Speech It is October 1978 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Roger Stafford; his wife, Verna; and his brother, Harold entered the Sirloin Stockade restaurant and without any remorse or sympathy, brutally gunned down 6 people, 4 of them young teenagers.The gruesome scene depicted five bodie piled atop each other, their blood forming a slick pool that covered the floor and stained the surrounding boxes of ground beef patties and Wisconsin blue cheese. Read MoreDeath Penalty Pros And Cons1501 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty. What laws have the Supreme Court recognized that warrant the death penalty as being cruel and unusual punishment. What are the pros and cons of the death penalty, death penalty vs. life incarceration from a financial standpoint, the death penalty is it a deterrent where crime is concerned, states that have the death penalty, the state with the highest number of death row inmates the state with the lowest, mentally ill and mental retardation, juveniles, women and the death penaltyRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death Penalty is the punishment of execution to someone who legally by court of law convicted a capital crime. In the United States of America this is mainly used for aggravated murder. Additionally this means that the murder has circumstances that are severe. For instance it was plan ned murder, intentionally killed below the age of 13, killed someone while serving term in prison, killed a law officer, and killed someone or illegally terminated a person’s pregnancy while in the process of committingRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1435 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Death Penalty (DP), being also known as capital punishment, capital offence and corporal punishment, is a sentence of death imposed on a convicted criminal (1); this essay will use all the terms interchangeably. The DP breaches two fundamental human rights, namely the right to life and the right to live free from torture; both rights are protected under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted by the United Nations in 1948, which contains a list of each human rightsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty has always been an issue or debate in the United States, typically being asked if it should be illegal or not. As of right now there are thirty-one states, including Ohio in which I live, that still use the death penalty as it is illegal in the rest. There are many supporters of it, there is also a huge amount of opposition. There are things included in both sides that can make the argument harder to be one-sided but I believe that the death penalty should be legal throughout theRead MoreDeath Penalty Pros Cons2512 Words   |  11 PagesTop 10 Pros and Cons Should the death penalty be allowed? The PRO and CON statements below give a five minute introduction to the death penalty debate. (Read more information about our one star to five star Theoretical Credibility System) 1. Morality 2. Constitutionality 3. Deterrence 4. Retribution 5. Irrevocable Mistakes 6. Cost of Death vs. Life in Prison 7. Race 8. Income Level 9. Attorney Quality 10. Physicians at Execution PRO Death Penalty CON Death Penalty 1. Morality PRO:

The Verbal and Non Verbal Communication Skills

Question: Explain The establishment of the verbal and non-verbal communication skills. Answer: The establishment of the verbal and non-verbal communication skills is the major concerned area within an organisation. Ruck and Welch (2012) pointed out that the transparent relationship as well as communicational frequency is needed to motivate the employees and accomplish the pre-determined goals. The necessity of the communicational skills is signifying the binding between the employers and the employees. More specifically, it helps in motivating the employees by establishing the welfare purposes (Fussell and Kreuz 2014). The establishment of the interpersonal skills through exchanging the message between the employees and the management is essential for an organisation. The study is focusing on an interview session between one of the colleagues of ABC Limited and a student of a university. The applied methodologies for undertaking the interview process will be discussed in this study. The extracted findings from this interview session will be aligned with the theoretical perspectives to explain the importance of the interpersonal communication. Focusing on such theoretical perspectives, the suitable recommendations would be provided accordingly. Applied Methodology for the Interview The research is based on the establishment of the communicational transparency between the employees and the employers. This particular report aims to identify the communicational errors that might take place within an organisation. The primary data derived in this segment will be analysed through the application of the relevant methodology. The qualitative data collection process has been used in this study. Hence, it is required to apply the proper sequential methodology that will be helpful enough in recognising the underlying issues or efficiencies maintained by the employer. The student has undertaken this face-to-face interview by selecting an employee of ABC Limited. Shelley, the waitress of ABC Limited shared her experiences with the skilful interpersonal communication maintained in ABC Limited. The interview process has been selected as the research strategy and it includes the open ended questions. The findings from this interview will be specified in the further section. Findings The interview included the open ended questions, which were directly answered by one of the casual employee of ABC Limited. The employee reflected the different aspects associated with the organisational behaviour. It is to be indicated that the interpersonal communication is the key force for motivating the employees and bringing out the best outcomes of their performance. The positive surrounding within a workplace is necessary for the skilled outcomes of the employees performance. The interview has been highlighting that the employees are provided with the proper communication system through the arrangements of the weekly meeting. More specifically, apart from getting the proper training and development session, the seniors have been also much helpful towards the casual junior employees. The employees get the pay off for the extra shifts and split shifts. The rewards and the recognition systems are also much remarkable, as the company set a target for each of the employees in a sp ecial festival. However, one of the major recognisable issue is the casual employees have no job security and they are not provided with the extra facilities of leaves same as the facilities provided to the permanent employees. The specification of this particular issue has been the major concern in such case. In determining the interpersonal communication skill, it can be inferred that the horizontal communication process requires the effective communication transparency with all level of the employees. However, the mismanagement in such cases may create the situational crisis in retaining the employees even if they are much motivated. Discussion and Interpretation Even the communication and the flexibility within the workplace are also quite motivating. According to Monaghan, Goodman and Robinson (2012), the interpersonal communication is the process of exchanging the information through verbal and non-verbal messages within the workplace. The business communication process is discriminated into two different sections, such as external communication and internal communication. Fussell and Kreuz (2014) opined that the external communication is a process of exchanging information with the external stakeholders associated with the organisational purposes. On the other hand, the internal communication is signified as the process of exchanging the information among the people who are associated with the internal process. The internal communication process is also classified into two components, such as horizontal communication and vertical communication (Monaghan, Goodman and Robinson 2012). Horizontal communication reflects the communication that flows in a parallel way whereas the vertical communication signifies the flow of the information among the subordinates and other seniors of the organisation. The interview with the employee of ABC Limited is specifying that the company has been maintaining the horizontal communication process, as the managers have been communicating with the employees. The arrangements of the weekly meetings are effective enough in extracting the feedbacks from the employees. It is even helpful in monitoring the performance skills of the employees. However, one thing can be pointed out from this interview session that the casual employees do not get the facilities same as the permanent employees (Berger 2014). For example, if any permanent employee falls sick, the person can avail the sick leave, which determines the paid leave. On the other hand, the casual employee cannot get the sick leave and it becomes non-paid. In keeping focus on this issue, it can be inferred that the transparent communication between the casual employees and the upper level. The answer of this particular employee in this interview section is somewhat biased in this regard. Hence, the improvement in this aspect is necessary. As per the Conversion theory of persuasion, it can be stated that the minority group usually influences the majority group in a disproportionate manner. It means, the majority structure sometimes is much susceptible due to the lack of alternatives. On the other hand, the minority people feel more consistent in this manner. The information manipulation theory has been depended on four major aspects. These aspects are quantity, quality, relation, and manner (Gass and Seiter 2015). The concentration on these aspects is necessary while extracting information about the organisational communication process. Conclusion The study has been highlighting the communication process undertaken by the organisation named ABC Limited. The university student conducted an interview session with one of the casual employees of this company. The application of the proper methodological structure has been used for extracting the relevant information regarding such aspect. The response derived from the employee has been signifying that the organisational process is quite encouraging and motivating for the employees. However, the casual employees do not avail much of the facilities than the permanent employees. However, the horizontal communication process maintained in the organisation requires improvisation. Recommendation The diversified departments and practices undertake by ABC Limited is quite motivating and encouraging for the employees. However, the major issue has been specified in distributing the equal facilities among the casual and the permanent employees. It has been seen that the casual employees are often ask for the extra shifts if any of the employees falls sick. However, when these causal employees fall sick, they can take the leave but this will not be taken as the sick leave and it will be non-paid. On the other hand, the permanent employees get benefitted with the sick leaves and other facilities. Hence, it is important to keep the concentration on the overall benefits for the casual employees as well. However, the horizontal communication needs improvisation more specifically. The arrangements of the weekly meetings with the lower level employees should include the agenda regarding the facilities that are beneficial for them. Moreover, the close monitoring of the performance attrib utes is also much necessary for ABC Limited. References Berger, C.R. ed., 2014.Interpersonal communication(Vol. 6). Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Fussell, S.R. and Kreuz, R.J., 2014.Social and cognitive approaches to interpersonal communication. Psychology Press. Gass, R.H. and Seiter, J.S., 2015.Persuasion: Social influence and compliance gaining. Routledge. Monaghan, L., Goodman, J.E. and Robinson, J.M., 2012.A cultural approach to interpersonal communication: Essential readings. John Wiley Sons. Ruck, K. and Welch, M., 2012. Valuing internal communication; management and employee perspectives.Public Relations Review,38(2), pp.294-302.