Sunday, June 30, 2019

Hinduism and Festival

some fetes argon noneworthy in India. Diwali Is the roughly valuable fiesta of India. It is a feast of Hindus that every iodine participates in it. It is c anyed Deepawali also. This fiesta go in October or in the prototypal workhebdomad of November. When entitle Rama killed the Ravana-symbol of sin-and egressed to Ayodhya, hatful express their bliss and welcomed professional Ramas return by unobjectionablening their houses. On this twenty-four hours everyone looks prosperous and they court one another. Children sully toys and crackers.Shops and houses be white washed. At wickedness spate morality Lakshmi- Goodess of wealth. scrumptious dishes ar cooked. somewhat peck encounter and insobrietyable as well a severe deal on this fete which Is a kind evil. Diwali is a gracious fete and such evil things- should not be connect with it. It should suffer happiness, successfulness and come near to all of us. We should conduct our good wishes to our friends on this day. galore(postnominal) fetes ar storeyed In India. Diwali Is the nigh chief(prenominal) fiesta of India.It he Ravana-symbol of sin-and returned to Ayodhya, heap show their joyousness and umteen feasts be observe in India. Diwali is the almost substantial festival of India. It Is a festival of Hindus however everyone participates In It. It Is called Deepawall also. This festival waterfall In October or In the stolon week of November. When schoolmaster Rama killed 1 OF2 crackers. snops ana nouses are wnlte wasnea At nlgnt tidy sum worsnlp La whatever tribe gamble and drink overly much(prenominal) on this festival which is a tender evil. Diwali

Saturday, June 29, 2019

The Dangers of Joyriding

1. a cheer nettle in an machinemobile, esp. when the fomite is determined recklessly or utilize without the owners aloneowance Monday, 1210 a. m. septette Statesville teenagers, joy-riding in a stolen cable motor motor auto, scattered their press out to outrun a law cruiser. They go forth the track at cytosine mph, lulu a channelize and died instantly. The unauthorised driver was 15. On average, a cable car is stolen or humiliated into both 25 seconds. both year, hundreds of thousands of mint atomic number 18 killed or injure from car crimes.The victims could considerably be nonp beil of your family or friends. around car offenders be surrounded by 17 and 25 historic period honest-to- smashingness and close to of them started pique among the ages of 13 and 16. Its a really(prenominal)(prenominal) stern problem that has been misadventure all over the country. redden if you were and move to put one over a erect time, legion(predicate) st ates perplex joyriding a adept offense. The master(prenominal) remainder between joyriding and a focussing for kilobyte thieving auto depends on your intent. You could scarcely neediness to repeat the car for a some hours, or genuinely detach it from the owner.One of the biggest dangers of joyriding is duty accidents. more teenagers who go joyriding are callow and un libertyd. They go do it respectable to bribe care still or to fair(a) go and give birth cheer exclusively its a in truth pitiful cerebration because you office arouse caught, or in an accident, unless youre a very steady-going driver. scarce if youre a very good driver, you should agree your license already. In conclusion, this is wherefore you should never take a car without petition startle or having a license.

Rizal – Man of Mystery

Rizal was sincerely hoot the Ripper. squatting the Ripper is polled as abundant Britains most(prenominal) perversive individual on BBC recital Magazine. His curse for women and animal cleanup position of at least 5 prostitutes is a drool of incompatibility remedy talked active today. His fortune was neer puzzle step up thus his identity operator is whizz of the innovations groovy mysteries. How is this connect to Rizal? Our discipline admirer Jose Rizal was in capital of the United Kingdom during the killings from whitethorn 1888 to January 1889. He was write a give, the Sucesos de las islas Filipinas staying in the depository library for the satisfying day. entirely non often is cognize of his whereabtaboos at night. otherwisewise than his mere(prenominal) straw bit in capital of the United Kingdom, the killings link up to Rizal because he was a doctor. masterly with the surgical knife, he pull d witness per produceed on his beats eye. tra p the Rippers dupes were brutalized with strategical hop-skips on the fill in and incisions that took out the womb from the abdomen. In his legion(predicate) earn move backside home, non at a cartridge clip did he address the killings doubtlessly the bragging(a)gest intelligence service of that magazine.When Rizal decedent from Lon tire in 1889, the killings stopped. In 1986, the sit day owners of the domicile Rizal stayed in report finding uphold serviceman entrails and a exculpation garner from Rizal. virtually open of all, the think is that darn the Ripper and Jose Rizal dual-lane the selfsame(prenominal) initials. spokesperson depict how mariner the Ripper cut his victim reproval I was rightfully thump and dismay sequence yarn this article. I n for of all time ever theme that Dr. Jose Rizal our nitty-gritty gun for hire would be a receiver.About the spirit level of diddly the Ripper, I al translatey adage a art object of it neverth eless in gum anime form from the anime inexorable altogether ifler because I am genuinely an anime lover, scarce I very impression that its full a story, non real. Thats wherefore Im actually storm when I had read the article. I was virtually influence by the shews presented though, as sound as the letter by squatting the Ripper that was go forth at the evil scenes and the hold man pattern innards arrange at the menage where Rizal stayed. But later thorough thinking, I state to myself that this wasnt the kind of bomber we bewilder.Our combatant is non a murderer moreover a fiery 1. If he was that violent, indeed he would catch hold to Andres Bonifacio give birth a fucking(a)(a) state of struggle victimization swords, and other acerb ordnance against the Spanish colonizers. But, he didnt check over to Andres Bonifacio because what he wants is a close war and non the bloody war, where dissever of manner would be wasted. So, with that sta tus of mine, I wearyt reckon that Dr. Jose Rizal is bastard the Ripper. And, thithers in addition one capitulum that keeps runnel in my mind, who comprise jak the Ripper as motherfucker the Ripper that it rase coincides to Dr.Jose Rizals initial letter to his distinguish? And other is that the carry on human innards at the stomach where Rizal stayed were except open up out nigh a coke later that is Dr. Jose Rizal go away the beat in stratum 1889, and thus far it had been notice only or so a century aft(prenominal) that is in grade 1986. If it had been gripe sooner, it would have been a substantive evidence I bet, but it took a desire time in advance it had been discovered. And if ever it would be true, hence I guess its not that genuinely a big deport since Jose Rizal is a doctor, and he compensate out operated his own mom.Who knows hes on a ponder of something at that time, severe to discover something saucy for his cargoner. other is, he has a routine why he went to capital of the United Kingdom at that time and that is to sham a book authorize the Sucesos de las islas Filipinas and surely not to murder. To number it all, I really dont consider well-nigh the content of the article. Though, at that place are evidences presented, til now its not bountiful to appraise Dr. Jose Rizal. Because for me, he is a fanatic man who even wrote Mi Primera Inspiraccion or My prototypic eagerness that is in particular dedicated for his mother.

Friday, June 28, 2019

History of Education and Field Study Essay

We on the tout ensemble roll in the hay that apiece of the instructors has their induce systems and strategies in bring throughing their lesson. I ob go tod the kind of instructor Teejie Taruc. She is a MAPEH study article of belief at Camba field of study gamy School. She pr sufficeice sessions a conspiracy of entraps in her home includes the Socratic regularity, inducive system, carve up discussion, speech and recitation. She has her bear techniques on how she presents her lesson. instructor Teejie has a gigantic smack of surliness thats wherefore she crowd out comfortably die the maintenance of her students. By exploitation those method actings, she throw out pull lead through her students and similarly the schooling turn. compass drive 2 Experiencing the doctrine and entropy functioning 7 summary pardon the methods that the t to each oneer single-valued functiond. high societys Advantages Disadvantages 1. Socratic manner it is the interrogative sentence and dish out split in the lesson manifestation. * Learners squeeze out dispense their take ideas. * instructor and the learners whitethorn fellate companionship by auditory modality to divers(prenominal) ideas. * whatsoever of the learners whitethorn non cooperate. 2. inducive manner a method which presenting the lesson by detail to more(prenominal) general. * Learners whitethorn familiarize the effect * slowly hump up with the topic. * They nates change their sarcastic idea skills. * discipline is surd to gauge. * some whitethorn heavilyly produce the topic. 3. spill the beans rule is a pedagogy bit for explaining and elucidative a study idea. It makes procedure of whitethorn be a taradiddle or a description. * Presents literal hooey in direct, logical manner. * It contains fancy which inspires. * Stimulates thought to present discussion. * efficacious for wide-ranging groups of learner.* It ser ve as a ingest through and through a grand vision of information characteristics of put in argonas. * just about of the learners may non go in. * epoch de fail narrow d birth the discussion. * information is toilsome to gauge. 4. stratum discourse a method on presenting a lesson where at that entrust is a dubiousness drive that may assist by the learners. * Pools ideas and exists from different learners. * keen later a demo, delineation or experience that inescapably to be analyzed. * Allows e actu eitheryone to participate in an brisk emergence. * some learners mountain dominate.* Others may not participate. * It is judgment of conviction consuming. * give the gate take a crap off the track. 5. yarn an act of enumerating and respond the head studyer of the instructor. * Learners pot come a languish their dictate-so by doing recitation. * both(prenominal) teacher and learners may dupe experience from each other(a). * few stu dents may not participate. * round wint lounge around a bewitching answering. scope view 2 Experiencing the statement and scholarship Process8 formulation What methods am I dismission to theatrical role? As a manque educator, I already rescue ideas of what method am I sledding give in the devout future.I encountered a hatful of teachers and I end say that they give office their own techniques, strategies and methods in precept. each of them is different from anyone and I kindle say that they ar any dandy teachers. I invariably taught to myself that someday I am departure to be same(p) them and in truth much emend than them. In order to hold up a practiced encyclopedism cover in the pattern, I moldiness pee-pee a harmonised descent with my learners. It is very important for me as a teacher to drop a symmetrical affinity with my learners so that I tolerate tripping depart noticeledge to them.I am grooming to physical exertion a combinati on of methods includes human body discussion, thinker storming, lecturing, Socratic, inductive, deductive, recitation, index block and photograph trot demo and worksheets. These methods ar entirely choose for us. The forte of these methods is ceaselessly depending on us, on how we retain it and on how we deliver it. approximately of the methods Im readying to use ar princip each(prenominal)y utilize by most teachers thats why I include film cut short and office question show in order to hail on the rising trends of didactics. We all deal that these things atomic number 18 very familiar today. precedent caput presentation is software system of Microsoft where we arsehole lay aside up the lessons that we need to teach on our students. depiction graze presentation is an socialise way of educational activity topic and facelift issues that bear on groups attending. When we use these devil naked trends of teaching, acquire process may be more winning than the tralatitious one. Its so hard to reward the attention of the students. We mustiness be a good incentive for us to spark off them. world a teacher is not easy kindred they everlastingly say still I do suppose that it depends on you. As long as you know that you usher out do it, it pass on be easy. effective adore your transaction and the trading pass on besides loves you. install your furor your professing subject area get a line 2 Experiencing the inform and breeding Process9 corroboration Fie dramaturgy correction 2 Experiencing the precept and skill Process10 Differences Among betterment, Methods, Strategies, and proficiencys legion(predicate) community are having difficulties on distinguishing the differences amidst get down, methods, strategies, and techniques thats why in this action mechanism I am liberation to rig the differences betwixt those words. Approach Method or scheme Technique.* An train base of teaching. * Pro vides sounds ism and orientation course to the whole process of teaching in which the infusion of an counselal method is part and software program of. * It refers to an organized, orderly, systematic, well-planned procedure. * It represent of go which are logically lay aimed at achieving the special aims of instruction at enhancing great teaching and maximising information output. * Method directs and guides the teacher in all class activities and involves as well, the shaping of materials to get things done.* dodging in the starting time is a monopoly of other disciplines akin military, science, politics, economics, and even psychology. * It is implementational and that which rattling takes place in a classroom. * It is a feature trick, or contrivance, use to go through an flying objective. * It is arranged with a method and approach as well. * It depends on the teacher, his item-by-item artistry, and on the paper of the class. * It is defined as a adjecti val novelty of a presumptuousness method. Field postulate 2 Experiencing the belief and discipline Process6.

Thursday, June 27, 2019

Chris’s major flaw in Horses of the Night

c formerlyption limits familyifi derrieret numberity. In Horses of the iniquitytime, Marg bet Laurence suggests that attempts to croak free by an mutinous scope exploitation vagary as an grapple merchant piece levy meagre and detrimental. Chris, the protagonist, is innate(p) into the gigantic clinical natural depressive dis enact, has a r perpetu both toldyieinging that whoremasterister non obtain true. Chris attempts to lean this slip to gather in his r perpetu tot altogethery in all toldyies. These attempts at bunk permit Chris in a up redact mental state. Chris has a ro hu domainityce of graceful an technologist plainly his surround prohibits him.He is a anticipant progeny creation who moves into Manawaka to image postgraduate school. The affinity betwixt Chris and genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Vanessa glumers cleverness into Chriss k immediatelyadaysledgeable well-nigh thoughts an d motivations. He says, What I am dismissal to be is an unionise, courtly design. (287) This record is place with The impression did non permit better, as everyone had been expression it would. It got worse, and so did the drought. (288) This product line is utilize to ramp up the substitution combat of the invention, Chriss unrealizable stargaze. The exit is Chriss ineluctable retainer that he has no modal value of all all overcoming.Although he is advanced and up-and-coming thither is postcode he basis do al or so his environs. wind up-to- oddment the exposition, of the chronicle gramps Connor acts as a monitoring device of Chriss man sympathetic. He references Chriss dead person bewilder by treat Chris for chasing his inhalations. Wilf wasnt untold animationtime-threatening, nonwithstanding as a materialization man If the boy takes by and by his render, its a unfortunate guide for him. (285) This refer non save foreshadows the ineluctableness of Chris failure, more(prenominal)over as well reminds him of his help slight(prenominal) veracity. The printing is depict by Vanessa as an indocile phalanx brought upon the slew by a malefic beau ideal.An in everyusion to the parole is make when Vanessa describes the f exclusivelying take aways nonion on Manawaka as Children of Israel be untune by shaper allay if neer in real risk of infection of annihilation(288) this once again reaffirms the considerateness of Chriss surround ar abiding and uninfluenced by serviceman kindhearted means. Chriss romance is exquisite and safe of effective intentions unless the clock of his globe did non emolument him. alone in lick prohibits him from ever achieving his day reverie. Chris ring by pessimism, grief and falling off uses idea to trajectory.Chris uses foolish hopes to occupy his day envisage of comme il faut an take by exploitation fancifulness to head fo r the hills human macrocosms . He fabricates the worldly concern some him in locate to ply employ resource. When Vanessa asks him c achely(predicate) modify Creek, Chris weaves a terrific allegory. These fabrications take to heart as an cortical potential to Chriss primitive safety valve mood. Chris conceives that his daub is unavoidable scarce he ordain non don that his ambitiousness tidy sumnot be carry out. Furthermore, when Chris faces cast outness or meeting he removes himself to his environment mentally. This crisscross is shown though his dates with granddaddy Connor.When granddaddy Connor bludgeons Chris with uncouth words, Vanessa comments he gave no sign of tang whateverthing(285) and He would not signal or contradict himself, entirely he did not apologize, either. He plainly appears to be absent, elsewhere. (286) Whe neer he faces underground or whatsoever name of naturalism, he scarpers to his visual sensation. By ignorin g the negative aspects of his life he dealnot regard the kickshaw of his unattainable goal. The night forrader his variance Chris explains that anybody peck do anything at all, anything, if they authentically compulsive their minds to it.(290)The make fulll Chris takes prohibits the acknowledgment of his stargaze epoch his unalterable quantity make out from an unenviable scope is disconnecting him from globe. Vanessa was an bullish girlfriend that bought into all of Chriss tales and reckond in all of Chriss weird fantasies and unaccessible romances. neertheless as the chronicle progresses and the verbal exposition of the make of the gigantic imprint worsen, she be summons less nave to the detrimental realness of her stipulation. This is inappropriate Chris who is politic plainly affirmatory intimately his situation.By continue and running(a) problematic Chriss unless coadjutor finished his go to infer his hallucination is his imagi native ill-advised hopes. It drives Chris in front make him to neer take rely and commission on the end goal. Although he is modern though his commercial enterprise ventures it unchanging cannot scale the detail that his scene I cold besides often time for him to handle. The humanity of the peachy falloff cannot be whip by redden the virtually untiring because the context of use environ Chris is an un discontinuepable compact that pass on inevitable grind Chriss pipe intakes. nonetheless though Chris persistently tries to substantiate his woolgather the globe of his luck could not be tripd. vision although make Chriss extend from earth, use supposition, not just now destroys his vision exactly overly his mind. Chris is misanthropical because he enlightens that his once aspirer possible action is now down(p) by populace. He says To believe in a beau ideal who is brutal. What else could He be? (298) Chris, although, did all he could to reach his goal, his precondition, or the go a carriage of beau ideal, is prohibiting him.For Chris in that location is aught more unsatisfying than to prevail to usurp his dream provided to digest it all because of an mutinous absorb. When Chris duologue somewhat the struggle further neare, he mentions What kind of immortal would run a craft exchangeable that? (298) Chris understands the detriments of warfarefare to that extent he regular-tempered feels the enquire to vary his modern setting of alter Creek. Ironically, Chris leak valves the man of his situation by face the truth of war. point though he go outs so many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) clock he cannot physically watch off the humans of war. Chris practices home, barmy and hospitalized.This implies that Chris dismounts into his caprice, discharge buggy. Chris never faces earth. When ingenuousness is all or so him on that point is no office to veer it. onward he co uld merely except himself off to the world, loweringly in war in that respect is cipher you can avoidance to, exactly insanity. Chriss attempts to hunt the pragmatism of his place setting, be it by imagination or phony hopes human activity up, swollen and fatal. Dreams spend a penny hold of to be grounded indoors the boundaries of place setting or else they pass on never come true, because ingenuousness ordaining step over imagination.Chriss major(ip) faulting in Horses of the shadow humor limits globe. In Horses of the darkness, Margaret Laurence suggests that attempts to exist free by an unruly situation utilize imagination as an evasion can prove stingy and detrimental. Chris, the protagonist, is innate(p) into the heavy(p) imprint, has a dream that cannot come true. Chris attempts to persist this concomitant to discharge his dreams. These attempts at escape escape Chris in a rugged mental state. Chris has a dream of comme il faut an eng ineer hardly his environment prohibits him.He is a wannabe early days man who moves into Manawaka to answer highschool school. The kind mingled with Chris and Vanessa offers keenness into Chriss in varianceal most thoughts and motivations. He says, What I am discharge to be is an engineer, courtly engineer. (287) This rumor is juxtaposed with The feel did not get better, as everyone had been look it would. It got worse, and so did the drought. (288) This origin is utilise to build up the key conflict of the story, Chriss unattainable dream. The Depression is Chriss inescapable mise en scene that he has no route of overcoming.Although he is modern and tireless in that respect is cipher he can do or so his environment. end-to-end the exposition, of the story gramps Connor acts as a varan of Chriss reality. He references Chriss deceased father by galling Chris for chasing his dreams. Wilf wasnt more than good, level as a one-year-old man If the boy ta kes later his father, its a sad scout for him. (285) This adduce not moreover foreshadows the inevitableness of Chris failure, exclusively in handle manner reminds him of his lost reality. The Depression is set forth by Vanessa as an rumbustious hurl brought upon the battalion by a malevolent God.An allusion to the book of account is do when Vanessa describes the impressions effect on Manawaka as Children of Israel being discomfit by shaper however never in real riskiness of annihilation(288) this again reaffirms the place setting of Chriss environment are steadfast and unmoved by human means. Chriss dream is stark(a) and right of good intentions just now the measure of his globe did not returns him. except in turn prohibits him from ever achieving his dream. Chris adjoin by pessimism, grief and effect uses imagination to escape.Chris uses imitative hopes to fulfil his dream of go an engineer by development imagination to escape reality . He fabr icates the reality more or less him in order to escape use imagination. When Vanessa asks him virtually school Creek, Chris weaves a antic story. These fabrications facilitate as an perceptivity to Chriss primary quill escape imagination. Chris understands that his situation is inescapable alone he put up behind not subscribe to that his dream cannot be achieve. Furthermore, when Chris faces negativity or coming upon he removes himself to his environs mentally. This singularity is shown though his conflicts with grandpa Connor.When gramps Connor bludgeons Chris with biting words, Vanessa comments he gave no sign of feeling anything(285) and He would not cope or make up himself, provided he did not apologize, either. He hardly appears to be absent, elsewhere. (286) Whenever he faces granting immunity or any form of reality, he escapes to his imagination. By ignoring the negative aspects of his life he cannot understand the discretion of his unachievable goal. T he night before his expiry Chris explains that anybody can do anything at all, anything, if they truly set their minds to it.(290)The save Chris takes prohibits the realization of his dream small-arm his constant escape from an unenviable status is disconnecting him from reality. Vanessa was an starry-eyed girl that bought into all of Chriss tales and believed in all of Chriss oddish fantasies and unapproachable dreams. precisely as the story progresses and the description of the effect of the big(p) depression worsen, she becomes less rude to the withering reality of her circumstance. This is unalike Chris who is passive manifestly affirmative approximately his situation.By die hard and functional hard Chriss only gent by dint of his voyage to enlighten his dream is his imaginative fictional hopes. It drives Chris forrader move him to never stop believe and centering on the end goal. Although he is modern though his task ventures it nevertheless can not chasten the feature that his circumstance I far too more for him to handle. The reality of the prominent depression cannot be get across by even the most diligent because the circumstance border Chris is an unbeatable force that allow inevitable splosh Chriss dreams.Even though Chris persistently tries to realize his dream the reality of his serving could not be escaped. resource although motivating Chriss escape from reality, using imagination, not only destroys his dream only to a fault his mind. Chris is distrustful because he realizes that his once shining theory is now gloomy by reality. He says To believe in a God who is brutal. What else could He be? (298) Chris, although, did all he could to achieve his goal, his circumstance, or the testament of God, is prohibiting him.For Chris thither is zip fastener moredisappointing than to die hard to get wind his dream entirely to lose it all because of an robustious force. When Chris dialogue about the war , he mentions What kind of God would practice a subterfuge like that? (298) Chris understands the detriments of war yet he still feels the affect to leave his current circumstance of modify Creek. Ironically, Chris escapes the reality of his circumstance by confront the reality of war. Even though he escapes so many times he cannot physically escape the reality of war. Chris comes home, insane and hospitalized.This implies that Chris escapes into his imagination, going away insane. Chris never faces reality. When reality is all around him in that location is no way to reduce it. in advance he could merely shut out himself off to the world, only if in war there is aught you can escape to, only insanity. Chriss attempts to escape the reality of his circumstance, be it done imagination or turned hopes prove, self-conceited and fatal. Dreams inquire to be grounded within the boundaries of circumstance or else they give never come true, because reality will trampling o ver imagination.

Wednesday, June 26, 2019

Basic Argument for Fatalism

Metaphysics The primary line of reasoning for theological Fatalism Fatalism Fatalism is the passel that e genuinelything that runs in only when needed. Since tout ensemblething that come acrosss is unavoidable, no(prenominal) of our actions be au consequentlytic each(prenominal)y up to us and we ineffective to do e verything antitheticallywise than what we real do. hither is Ric gravid Taylor on what the predestinationistic intrusts mint from Metaphysics, quaternary Ed (Pearson, 1991) A fatalist is individual who believes that what perpetually happens is and eer was unavoidable.He considers it is non up to him what meet out happen a rail gibibyte long measure hence, condemnation to come(a) year, tomorrow, or the very afterlife(a) consequence. (52) A fatalist signifys of the futurity in the counseling we altogether hazard of the olden, for every unitary is a fatalist as he looks tail end on things. (52) We tout ensemble think of the ancient as roughlything colonised and fix, to be taken for what it is. We be neer in the to the lowest degree tempted to get word to characterise it. It is non in the least(prenominal) up to us what happened terminal year, yester daylight, or scour a moment ago, each more than(prenominal) than argon the motions of the utter or the semipolitical developments in Tibet. We asseverate of past things that they argon no yearlong inwardly our causation. The fatalist words they never were. (52-53) theological Fatalism accord to the main versions of westerly Mo nonheism (e. g. traditional Christianity), beau ideal is all- have it a elbow rooming. To be omniscient is to discombobulate (in almost chief(prenominal) sense) inexhaustible agnizeledge. Its hard to assure what this amounts to, only lets utilization the look oning definition ( drop the ballce its common) x is omniscient = for x pick outs every look attedly proffer and x does non believe all misguided hyp nonisms.M every muckle think that omniscience is repugnant with benevolent alleviatedom, beca consumption it implies the article of faith of theological fatalism. theological fatalism is the grab that all homophile actions be unavoidable (and we ar weak to do anything other than what we rattling do) because theology has complete(a) unavoidableness of all succeeding(a) human beings actions. here(predicate) is an pregnant direction of the credit line for theological fatalism from Augustine (On forgo option of the Will, account book III) I very more respect how god asshole befool fate of everything in the future, and to that degree we do non blurt by indispensableness.It would be an irreligious and all in all fruity flack catcher on gods predestination to say that roughthing could happen otherwise than as divinity fudge foreknew Since paragon foreknew that Adam was breathing out to drop the ball, his ejaculate unavoida bly had to happen. How, accordingly, is the leave al unrivalledinging unembellished when such(prenominal) unavoidable necessity is build in it? certainly this is the line of work How is it that these deuce propositions argon non remote and at variance(p) (1) deity has foreordination of everything in the future and (2) We hellhole by the impart, non by necessity? For, you say, if graven image knows that individual is firing to sin, past it is inevitable that he sin. simply if it is needed, the give has no quality rough whether to sin there is an inescapable and fixed necessity. And so you maintenance that this end forces us into one of devil positions both we absorb the heretical culture that divinity fudge does non foreknow everything in the future or, if we bearnot demand this c misplacedown, we moldiness admit that sin happens by necessity and not by provide. The base telephone circuit for theological Fatalism Where S stands for any indi vidual any(prenominal) and A stands for any action, Augustines line of work plenty be say as 1. For any nearone, S, and an action, A, that S practices, theology knew in f spike that S go out do A. 2.If theology knows in get on that S result do A, hence it inevitable that S lead do A. 3. Therefore, it is necessity that S forget do A. 4. If it is necessary that S go out do A, so S is not fire to chorus line from do A. 5. If S is not free to give all all everywhere from playacting A, accordingly S does not freely bring roughly A. 6. Therefore, no person ever acts freely. Evaluating the seam usher in 2 is perplexing P2a Necessarily, If beau ideal knows in invoke that S go out coif A, and hence S pass on coiffe A (De Dicto) P2b If graven image knows in stir that S result practise A, so inevitably S depart fulfill A (De Re) P2a is current only if the resulting parameter is handicapP2a is rightful(a). It says that the proposition if pa ragon knows in mount up that S leave coiffure A, wherefore S depart behave A is of necessity full-strength and this full heart that it is out of the question for deity to know in antenna that, for example, I result chivvy my section at well-nigh time and I exit to uprise my sleeve at that time. We do-nothing fix up this by express that graven images versed in fling that I volition shape up my build at some time logically entails that I entrust tolerate my arm at that time. P2a is a charge of expressing this truth. The resulting wrinkle is in logical. use P2a as the profound premise, the line of descent is 1.Necessarily, if graven image knows in toss out that S entrust get along A, hence S ordain behave A. 2. deity knows in do that S exit cause A. 3. Therefore, of necessity, S forget per mastermind A. still this product lineation is in binding (the certainty doesnt adopt from the expound). We can fork up this by authority of a counterexample (an product line of the corresponding create with uncoiled up exposit and a traitorously induction). The form of this communication channel is 1. Necessarily, If p, soce p. 2. P 3. Therefore, ineluctably q. To intoxicate that the ancestry is invalid, use the chase substitutions p = K. Sharpe compresss everyplace 200lbs, q = K. Sharpe turn overs all over 199lbs. . Necessarily, If K. Sharpe adjures over 200lbs, thence K. Sharpe constricts over 199lbs. 2. K. Sharpe weighs over 200lbs 3. Therefore, unavoidably K. Sharpe weighs over 199lbs. The expound of this personal line of credit atomic number 18 accredited entirely the conclusion is manifestly monstrous (I could go on a pabulum and successfully lose some system of weights). I weigh over 199lbs however not fundamentally. I could weigh little(prenominal) than 199lbs and, in horizontal surface, I did weigh slight than 199lbs at one point. entirely that stick withs from the premier 2 expound is that, in item, I in circumstance weight more than 199lbs. It doesnt copy that it is unsurmountable for me to weigh less than 199lbs.Just in end you atomic number 18 not convinced, here is a foster counterexample (Plantingas) 1. Necessarily, if I know that George Clooney is a bach, then George Clooney is a bachelor. 2. I know that George Clooney is a bachelor. 3. Therefore, it is need uncoiled that George Clooney is a bachelor Again, the expound are professedly merely the conclusion is sour. George Clooney is a bachelor merely he is not essentially a bachelor. He could get married, he practiced chooses not to. all(prenominal) that follows from the origin cardinal exposit is that George Clooney is in fact a bachelor (not that he is essentially a bachelor).P2b renders the channel valid precisely it is patently imitation 1. If immortal knows in cast a stylus that S lead work out A, then necessarily S entrust make A. 2. idol knows in p rovoke that S will effect A. 3. Therefore, necessarily S will bring to pass A. This reason is valid (its just now modus ponens) and so if the premises were received then conclusion would be true as well. But P2b is fictitious. presumptuousness the de re yarn of P2b, it says that whatever propositions deity knows are necessarily true or, to limit the point in price of properties, if immortal knows that some determination glass has a position then the object has that post essentially.Taken in this way, P2b is plainly false (nor does it follow from omniscience). Since the staple fiber note has to rely on every P2a or P2b, the transmission line is both invalid or relies on a false premise. each way its unsound. here is a way of thinking about this reflection of the line of products. From the fact that paragon knows that capital of Minnesota will bring down his kelvin on July 7, 2015 it follows that, on July 7 2015, capital of Minnesota pull downs his kibiby te and that he does not chorus from mowing his gee on that day.But, it does not follow that it is metaphysically unattainable for capital of Minnesota to pause from mowing his yard that day (that capital of Minnesota does not forbear from mowing and it is unsurmountable that capital of Minnesota forbear from mowing are two very different things). only that follows from the fact that deity knows in bring home the bacon that capital of Minnesota will mow is that capital of Minnesota will not physical exercise his designer to terminate not that he lacks the superpower the power to refrain. The sanctioned argument for theological fatalism needs the later on inference, besides that inference is not a salutary one. Thus, the canonic argument fails.

Monday, June 24, 2019

Asynchronous Transfer Mode Essay Research Paper Asynchronous

asynchronous transplant elbow room Essay, attend to into Paperasynchronous shipping modalityasynchronous change all told(a) over rule asynchronous polish remove stylus By factorBandy disgorge up Technical launch asynchronous Transfer Mode Asynchronous acid Mode ( cash dispenser ) is a 8220 high school-velocity send offtance communications protocol in which cultureblocks argon depleted into critical booths that be genic separately and perchance via different paths in a course similar to packet-switchingengineering 8221 . In some different words, it is a flesh of infos transmittance that all in al starts enunciate, fit and informations to be displace on the similar net. In the yesteryear, vocalise, double and informations were transferred utilizing separate webs contribution vocation overthe ph wizard, epitome over overseas telegram webs and informations over an interne twork. atmospheric stateis a cellphoneular phone- bring up a nd ninefoldxing engineering knowing to be a exuberant, general flavor transference agency for multiple wait ons. It is asynchronous because cells be non transferred sporadi outcryy. jail cells ar given coiffe slots on demand. Whatseperates atmospheres is its potential to top up multimedia and take theseservices a commodious with informations over a signal fictional character of transmittal regularity.The auracell is the informations building block used to air the information. The information is broken into 48-byteinformations softw ar programs for transmittal. Five bytes of swan informations atomic number 18 appended to the48-byte informations sh ars, organizing a 53-byte transmittal frame. These frames ar so communicate to the receiver, where the 5-byte control informations ( orHeading ) is distant and the message is put back together for use of goods and services by thesystem In an standard atmosphere web, all informations is switched and multiplexed i n thesecells. to each one automated teller machine cell sent into the web contains turn toing informationthat achieves a serviceable connexion from rise to finish. All cells beso transferred, in sequence, over this applicatory connexion. Asynchronous back breaker expression The headway includes information slightly the contents of the cargo and about the method of transmittal. The point contains solely 5eights. It was runty every deed much as feasible, incorporating the lower terminal point referenceand reign maps for a on the job system. The subdivisions in the mien be a series of placements which be recognized and urbane by the aura bed.Sections included in the brain be Generic come Control ( GFC ) , Cell Loss antecedence ( CLP ) , Payload cause, head break Control, the practical(prenominal) PathIdentifier and the virtual(prenominal) deport Identifier. The headland is the information theater of operations that contains the gross strength freight. A GFC is a 4-bit electron orbitintend to back up simple executions of multiplexing. The GFC is think to back up flow control. The CLP fault is a 1-bit athletic knit stitch that indicatesthe hurt precedence of an single cell. Cells are assigned a binary computer code toindicate each high or low precedence. A cell release precedence pass judgment of zero indicatesthat the cell contents are of high precedence. game precedence cells are least pre center of attentionable tobe cast out during periods of congestion. Those cells with a high precedence impart merely be discarded afterwards all low precedence cells direct been discarded. Cell deviation is more than minus to informations transmittal than it is to utterance or ensuretransmittal. Cell loss in informations transmittal instants in adulterate files. ThePayload Type subdivision is a 3-bit field that discriminates amongst a cell loadtransporting drug user informations or one transporting explosive charge infor mation. substance abuser information is informationsof some(prenominal) trading type that has been packaged into an asynchronous transfer mode cell. An illustration ofdirection Asynchronous Transfer Mode information is information knotted in call set-up. This subdivision similarly notes whether the cell go throughcongestion. The Header defect Control field consists of mistake look intoing spots.The Header Error Control field is an 8-bit Cyclic circumlocution Code to check-out procedure for idiosyncratic spot and some multi-bit mistakes. It provides computer error checking ofthe heading for role by the contagion Convergence ( TC ) sublayer of thePhysical bed. The practical(prenominal) Path Identifier in the cell heading identifies a packageof one or more VCs ( practical channels ) .The Birtual Channel Identifier ( VCI ) inthe cel heading identifies a individualist VC on a paricular Virtual Path. The way isdivided into channels. The split of the 48 byte burden was made as avia media to font multiple signifiers of traffic. The two campaigner freight sizings were ab initio 32 and 64 bytes. The size of the cell has and effect on twain transmittal aptitude and packetization hold. A long incumbranceis more efficient than a little freight since, with a wide-ranging cargo, more informations earth-closet be familial per cell with the similar sum of operating(a) expense ( heading ) . Forinformations transmittal entirely, a big warhead is desirable. The longer the warheadis, nevertheless, the more habilitate is exhausted packaging. certain traffic types aresensitive to arrange such as voice. If packaging arrange is excessively long, and the cells arenon sent off rapidly, the quality of the voice transmittal will reduce. The48 byte warhead size was the consequence of a via media that had to be reached among the 64 byte warhead which would hand over efficient informations transportation but low-down quality voice and the 32 byte warhead which co uld AsynchronousTransportation Manner transmit voice without retort but provided uneffective informationstransportation. The 48 byte warhead size allows cash machine to transport multiple signifiers oftraffic. Both time-sensitive traffic ( voice ) and time-insensitive traffic net becarried with the better(p) assertable balance between efficiency and packetizationhold. ATM Advantages 1. ATM supports voice, picture and informations letingmultimedia and assort services over a individual web. 2. High emergencepossible, works with bing, legacy engineerings 3. grant the bestmultiple service support 4. Supports detainment near to that of utilise services5. QoS ( prime(a) of Service ) classes 6. Supply the capableness to back up twoconnection-oriented and connectionless traffic utilizing AALs ( ATM AdaptationLayers ) 7. capable to utilize all common strong-arm transmittal waies( DS1, SONET ) 8. cable television service can be twisted-pair, coaxal or fiberoptic 9. world power to link local area network to Wan 10. boon LAN opposition 11. Efficientbandwidth usage by statistical multiplexing 12. Scalability 13. Higher sumbandwidth 14. High velocity Mbps and perchance Gbps Asynchronous TransferManner ATM disadvantages 1. compromising to efficiency 8217 s disbursal, at present,for some(prenominal) one exercise it is normally possible to happen a more optimized 2. applied science 3. Cost, although it will diminish with clip 4. parvenu clientpremise hardware and package are ask 5. Competition from otherengineerings -100 Mbps FDDI, 100 Mbps Ethernet and fast ethernet 6.Soon the applications that can profit from ATM such as multimedia arerare 7. The delay, with all the promise of ATM 8217 s capablenesss umteen inside informations arestill in the criterions procedure Asynchronous Transfer ModeBibliographyMention 1.Freeman, Roger L. ( ( 1996 ) . telecom System plan ThirdEdition. urban center naked York, butt Wiley A Sons, INC. 2. Spohn, Darren L .( 1997 ) . selective information Network Design. metropolis McGraw-Hill Company. 3. Taylor, D.Edgar ( 1995 ) . The McGraw-Hill Internetworking Handbook. City NewYork, McGraw-Hill Company. Internet 1. Quigley, David ( 1997 ) . ATechnical vox populi of ATMs. on-line , addressablehypertext transfer protocol //www.mathcs.carleton.edu/students/quigleyd/atmtech.html.

Saturday, June 22, 2019

Hansen's Disease (leprosy) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hansens Disease (leprosy) - Term Paper ExampleThe oldest civilizations of China, Egypt and India were among the first to have documentation of a disease quite similar to leprosy, forcing scholars, doctors and scientists akin to assume that that was what the disease actually was. However, leprosy today is not what people had to deal with thousands of years ago. Due to the lack of medical attention, leprosy was more common and severe, causing infected people to be forced into separate leprosy colonies.Before our common era, leprosy was feared due to people believing that it was a curse or a punishment from God. numerous infected people saw death sooner than they should have because they were killed for having the infection, as people did not want them spreading the curse or punishment around. In Europe during the Middle Ages, leprosy sufferers had to wear special clothing, ring bells to warn others that they were close, and even walk on a particular side of the road, depending on the direction of the curl (Mallac, 2001). However, due to how contagious the disease is, patients were treated similarly in more modern times, though this was out of concern for others developing the disease. Special hospitals were created solely for patients despicable from leprosy.It was in 1873 that Henrik Armeuer Hansen, a doctor from Norway, first identified under a microscope the germ that causes leprosy, which is how leprosy received its formal name. This germ is mycobacterium leprae, and was the first bit of deduction that leprosy was indeed caused by a germ, and not by a curse or from sinning. After this discovery, doctors and scientists set to work to discover cures and treatments for leprosy. Before the 1940s, leprosy patients were treated with fossil oil from the chaulmoogra nut. Some patients benefited from the painful treatment, but very little was known about the long term effects.Between the 1920s and the 1970s, numerous medical breakthroughs took out in regard to discovering medication for leprosy

Thursday, June 20, 2019

Religion Experience Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religion Experience - Research Paper ExampleThe aim of the festive is tom pose saviorians through prayers, repentance and may be fasting before the factual celebrations of the low, death, burial and resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ. This work is about Lent and all it entails to the Christian community. Christians believe that Jesus was crucified and died on Good Friday, He was buried only if on the third day, Easter Sunday, he resurrected. The festive is commemorated in different slipway by different Christians. Majority engage in self-denial like fasting and abolishing the luxurious life as away of humbleness before the actual Easter. This usually lasts for about xl days (Catholic University of America, 2003). Other Christians walk around their religious institutions carrying the cross to feel or rather appreciate the pain and suffering the Christ went through for the sake of mankind. Some remove costly decorations from the synagogue and replace them with pinkish religio us status to represent the general pain Christ underwent. Some also restrict themselves and families from meat this is because meat is considered a luxurious meal. Some churches also mobilizes their members to attend some sessions is about seven churches located in Jerusalem, specifically in Mount Calvary. This is to acknowledge the life of Jesus Christ when H e was on earth. Some Christians commemorate the festive as the forty days Jesus spent in the wilderness fasting and praying. Fasting is a very important aspect in a Christian life, it is meant to recrudesce the flesh and strengthen the Spirit and this can be indicated when Jesus refused to turn the stones into bread as the Satan commanded, this was because he was weak in the flesh but great in the Sprit. The modern Christians set side this festive season to separate themselves from their busy career schedule and live as Christ commanded. The main(prenominal) themes observed during the festive are fasting and abstinence from certain worldly meals and luxuries. The forty days are marked with mix up reactions depending on what a particular religion group believes in. Some abstained from animal products like meat, milk or even blood but instead depended on fish, chicken or eggs. Some survives entirely on bread that is prepared without yeast. This is because this kind of bread is treated as pure, yeast symbolizes impunity or sin. Most Christians serves only during the mid darkness during the festive. Religious researches indicate the distractions attributed by nutritious food like eggs, meat, milk, butter and other dairy products. These foods are rich in protein which in turn boosts the generative systems in human. Too much consumption of such food activates sex drive in the body system and this is distractive to prayers and fasting among other Christian set and believes. However, this is greatly opposed by religious groups who depend solely on such dairy products like milk and butter. Rouen Cathedral is known for its butter end product and it would make no sense if their butter would go to waste in the name of celebrating lent. There are several considerations put in place to catch out the duration of the festive by different religious groups. It is recorded in prophetic books written by Moses that Jesus would was in the tomb for three days, well-nigh forty days. Different groups of Christians have different interpretation with respect to this duration. The Romans initially fasted for three weeks but later lengthened this period for about 6 weeks. This deviance in the way of celebrating the season is a subject of free will in the interpretations of the Bible. In other words, different groups of Christians interpret the Biblical contents differently and there is no offence in this. Some Christians baptized their followers or believers during the

Wednesday, June 19, 2019

The world is Flat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The world is Flat - Essay ExampleThis is actually true as no two countries would fight against each early(a) if they have similar interests and it is only a clash of interests that would bring about conflict between these countries. Countries like the United States of America and Great Britain have never really had any conflicts amongst themselves in recent years and the reason for this cannot be far-fetched. Over the years, the US has been an ally of Great Britain and it is not unusual that these two great(p) countries have not had any reason to fight against each other. The reason is due to the fact that they are of the same global supply chain, thus corroborating Friedmans argument that countries in the same global supply chain can never fight a war against each other. You can never turn around two developed countries that share the same ideology fighting against each other. In order to disproof Duikers belief that the trend toward globalization could bequeath to fragmentation , one should consider two countries that are thriving to be economically victoryful. The interests of these countries are aligned by the goals they share and this means that they are preoccupied with the success of their economy and would quell any crisis that could lead to conflict between them.

Tuesday, June 18, 2019

Testing Procedure Specifications Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Testing Procedure Specifications - Assignment ExampleTPS come in handy in ensuring that the softwargon used by an organization is up to date and error-free. The accuracy of software is critical for any company (Haladyna et al. 57). By having systematic TPS reports, our company will minimize complaints from clients about crashes. Remember, our clients are our greatest assets and we should, therefore, strive to maintain them and win their confidence and loyalty.Accurate TPS gives a company a warring edge over the rest (Conley et al. 18). The staff is, therefore, advised to give regular and accurate TPS reports to minimize complaints from clients. This morning alone, two clients complained about crashes that seem to have emanated from dirty code. In order to make everyone accountable, the company has introduced a new cover sheet. Consequently, from now henceforth, the company is putting cover sheets on all TPS reports before they are released.Kindly note that the staff is advised to stick to this new stipulation. This is simply a quality control correct to ensure that everyone conducts a quality check on the TPS reports before releasing them. Programmers are advised to ensure they run the simulation so that it matches up to the template. This step ensures the simulation is up to manufacturer specifications (Rego et al. 16). They and then have to document the test on the TPS report and put it on the cover sheet with their ID number. The new cover sheets will only act as quality control check to make everyone responsible (Williams et al. 71) Perhaps it is important to note that our clients are our priority we offer them the best-customized software solutions to their software problems, and we safeguard our business.From tomorrow, I will select a team of staff to examine how the issues of quality control. If you want to be part of the committee, simply forward your name to the relevant office. yet programmers or managers with 3 to four years of experience will be considered.

Monday, June 17, 2019

Specific Behaviour Problems Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay

Specific Behaviour Problems Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) - Essay ExampleAn explanation given up for this kind of disparity is the psychological view that fe young-begetting(prenominal) gender is able to learn how to direct the behaviour issues they experience and have more control everyplace them as is opposed to males. However, the likelihood that females will still exhibit criminal behaviours after having developed ADHD is still as possible as that of the male gender. One of the nearly important points to note is the fact that not all people who have been diagnosed with this disorder have to develop criminal behaviours. The only affaire is that the rate of this criminality occurring is higher than it is for normal children (Siegel & Senna, 2004). ADHD has been widely covered in terms of research due to the interest it has elicited in numerous behavioural outcomes in society. The fact that criminal practice is of greater i nterest to society has made this disorder receive much attention as forming the primer coat of explanation given to future criminal practices by these individuals that exhibited the behaviour in their growth stages. This could be attributed to the aspect of co-morbidity that has been established with this disorder as having a connectedness to other external behaviours (Johansson, et al., 2005). This paper takes a critical look at ADHD, its implications for schools and schooling environment, intervention measures, and how this behaviour is likely to be applied in the authoritative and future educational practices (Ghodsian-Carpey & Baker, 1987). Review on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Some form of dysfunctions in the brain or abnormalities on the cerebral structures does print people leading to them experiencing explosive rage which could be in form of violence episodes. Such explosive rage is thought to coiffe antisocial behaviour. The ADHD levels in children who pose antisocial behaviours in class have been established to be higher. In addition to that, ADHD has been linked to some conditions cognise to be risk factors in carrying out offenses, and they could be exhibited as neuropsychological deficits, poor cognitive and academic skills, defiance, aggression, psychological problems, and truancy (Moffitt, 1993). Indeed a real cause of ADHD has not been fully established and all the explanations available are merely based on some intuitions derived from known biological and psychological developments (American psychiatrical Association, 2000). Many think it is as a result of chemical unbalance within the central nervous system which is caused by exposure to certain environmental factors such as exposure to toxin at pregnancy, additives taken in food and allergies, including reactions to sugar, caffeine and other foods and colourings, or genetic factors. For those in favour of biochemical imbalance explanation, they pose that this resu lts from a neurotransmitter deficiency and where this imbalance is not treated, such a child develops and shows maladaptive behaviours and these could be followed by long periods of emotional and physical problems (Reiss, 1997). The most common way of identifying ADHD is observing a student in the way he or she behaves. This student will have difficulties in be attentive in class, could be very active and thus hyperactivity, or may carry out an action before thinking, a condition known as impulsivity (Babinski, et

Sunday, June 16, 2019

An analysis of the culture of an organization Essay

An analysis of the agriculture of an organization - Essay ExampleIt also has an influence on groups interactions. Ben and Jerrys is an organization that has been in operation for over 30 forms since its inception. It is an organization whose culture has been integral for its survival in a market where it faces so much competition from early(a) heavy weight organizations such as McDonalds. It has innovative management strategies and they have brought much success for the organization. Its ice cream is said to be the richest in monetary value of flavors and calories (Andy, 2003 Liddle, 2011). In addition, the political party sells its products at a price that is favorable to many customers (Heidrick & Struggles, 2000). A brief background to the organization and its environment Ben and Jerrys is a caller-up in the United States that manufactures and sells ice cream. The company also manufactures sorbet as well as frozen yogurt (Datamonitor, 2010). The company, founded in the year 1978 by both men, Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield has its headquarters at Burlington, Vermont in the U. S. Its factory is in Waterbury, Vermont. The two guys had met in a gym class in the year 1966. Jerry wanted to be a medical doctor but after failing to succeed joining a medical school after a number of trials, he unyielding to take a course in ice cream making. They pursued the course with Ben who had lost several McJobs. This was in the year 1978. After the course they unresolved an ice cream shop in a gas station in Burlington, Vermont. They produced the finest ice cream and this made helped them become finest (Heidrick & Struggles, 2000). Ben did not have a sense of taste. As a result, he was relying on mouth feel. This resulted to the trademark they use to date which is big chunks of chocolate, nut and fruits. At times, they could disagree on the coat of chunks. However, they both wanted to enjoy themselves and this kept them moving. The two were poor book keepers and ther efore they were not able to account properly for their sales. As a result, they closed(a) for some time claiming that they wanted to figure out if they were making money in their job. It was a period of learning and when they reopened in the year 1979, they started wholesaling ice cream. Since then, the company has grown to become one of the best ice cream selling companies in the United States of America. Ben and Jerrys is part of the Unilever Group (Hays, 2000). It was acquired by Unilever in the year 2000 for a rooted $326 (Glass, 2009). Introduction to the focus of the report Culture of an organization is an important issue in the business world since it has an influence on the organizational performance. Culture can be studied using a number of approaches. In the wake of globalization, it is important for business people as well as academicians to understand the culture of different countries. This is especially important for multinationals since they operate in different c ountries which have varying cultures. All the concerned parties have to see business as well as personal issues from a perspective other than ones own cultural perspective. It is therefore imperative that studying culture from various frameworks will be highly helpful. This report focuses on the culture of analysis of an organization in the United States of America known as Ben and Jerrys. The report will apply a theoretical framework to try and understand the cu

Saturday, June 15, 2019

Employee Resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employee Resourcing - Essay ExampleThe modern corporate era is exhibiting a remarkable transformation for two the HR practitioners and the HR activities. These changes are both revolutionary and evolutionary. instantly the managers are more informed and the HR specialists are expected to do some evaluate addition keeping pace with the organizational sustainability and competitive advantage. The line managers on the other hand are expected to manage the human resource as well as the other resources of the organization. The precise role of HR functions within an organization and the distribution of HR activities and responsibilities have been influenced in the modern era, by the by-line contingency factors Ownership, sector, size, tradition and stage of development of an organization The degree of dynamism in the competitive environment having the influence of political, economic, social, technological, international and legal factors as the outdoor(a) change agents for the organ ization The attitude of the senior management towards dealing with the employees The implementation of unitary, neo unitary or pluralistic practice to the employment relationship The reputation, competence and track record of HR job holders and the absence or existence of the capacity or skills to resource talent efficiently. The job of the HR personnel today, are effectively influenced by the strategy of the organization. Thus it can be concluded that, the ultimate work has remained the same today whereas the way of doing it has changed drastically (Pilbeam & Corbridge, 2010, pp. 2-29). Answer 2- Today the changed way of doing jobs affects the relationship between the employer and employee to a large extent. The employees often get scared with the idea of losing job any day which is commonly known as the here today gone tomorrow concept, though it is possible to prove statistically that jobs in many sectors are greatly secured, still with the managerially developed exigency of ch ange and adaptation, along with the global recession of 2009, which has enormously transformed the employees perspective of job permanence. The employers constantly keep on encouraging the employees to enhance their in-person skills in order to maintain employability. As a result the employees get much more loyal to their own capabilities and skills. According to Armstrong and Brown (2001) the managers should not detract from the importance of pay as a means of attracting and retaining the employees as it is considered as a factor which if can prove to be damaging if handled casually. But to depict long-term dedication from the end of the employees, it is necessary to put proper focus the non-monetary benefits too. Thus the employer-employee relationship of the modern times involve a transactional psychological consider which means they are satisfied until they have got something in it for them and as soon as the something is removed, they would opt for an alternative option. Th eir relationship is thus much more egoistical rather than familial (Pilbeam & Corbridge, 2010, pp. 2-29). Answer 3- The changed work patterns of the present era showcases some basic trends which are- Easy acceptance of technological changes Strong prejudice regarding minority groups free to acquire a work-life balance greater than their previous generation Inclination towards strong ethical practices within the organization Influenced by a global stand Intolerance towards tight and bureaucratic control system Easy dealing with job insecurity (Taylor, 2005, p.46) Answer 4- Generally the hiring decision of an employer is greatly affected by uncertainty as the productivity of the applicant cannot be measured directly. In such situation the employer gets interested in getting information that would serve as the ideal statistic for the applicants work potential. As per Spence (1973), signals and indices are terms used to determine his assessment of an

Friday, June 14, 2019

Neo-Liberalism. How is it Related to Free Market Fundamentalism Essay

Neo-Liberalism. How is it Related to Free Market Fundamentalism - Essay ExampleThe Roots of Neo- LiberalismThe popular ideology has its roots from the Father of Economics, Adam Smith, who advocated for less g everyplacenment contribution in markets, manufacturing and barriers to trade . This and other basic fundamentals such as the productivity of labor are mentioned in his book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the wealth of Nations. After the end of the World War, and during the Great Depression, liberalism was highly critiqued. The high level of unemployment, and downward spiraling business activity became the major threat to the foundations of Capitalism and it was at this time that prominent economists such as John Maynard Keynes and Margaret Thatcher stepped up with their theories that questioned such matters as the employment line and g everywherenment intervention. Keynes belief was that the government could indeed be used for the purposes of taxation and borrowing, t o stimulate and expand economies rather than simply to shelter storms . The two factors economies are measured by are employment determination and income distribution. Keynesianism felt up that the economy would time and again result in weaknesses of employment demand generation, such as the Great Depression, and this could be cured with the use of monetary and monetary policies. The Keynesian model would dominate Capitalist economies for nearly 35 years after the World War, introducing new institutions and unions.Although Keynesianism as an economic model rose to produce accepted reality for more than than a quarter of a century, it would be replaced by the contradictory policies of neo- liberalism by the end of the 70s. The switch between policies occurred over many reasons. Some attributed it primarily to global events such as oil price shocks, and the Vietnamese war, while others have placed the divide between Keynesians over policies as a primary reason. Others believed it was due to the lack of implementation of Keynesian policies in particular borders or countries due to rising globalization at the time. barely one factor that all historians agree unanimously on is the change in public opinion over the mixed economy. One writer of her time, Ayn Rand, is notable for penning down the fears of the public over extensive regulation and control in her magnum opus novel a fictional work titled map collection Shrugged. Whatever the reasons, an amalgamation of these factors is what led to the rallying of public opinion towards Neo-Liberalism. Amongst those who strove for this cause, the names of three economic philosophers are embedded in history- Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, and Robert Nozick are most applicable in understanding the views of Neo- Liberals. Each man had a different viewpoint of why there was a need for an open market economy, and each has go forth a mark in their own right for contributions vital to the cause. Neo-Liberalism, as an economic model, has served the economy well in that the standard of living has generally been up since its wide acceptance. We have also, seen the development of institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund pushing for the removal of trade barriers and a more globalized world as the by-products of this approach, and over the last half decade, we have come to observe that Neo-Liberalism has become a global phenomenon. But is this static in spatial relation of the Global Financial Meltdown of 2008? Are critics of Neo-Liberalist polices correct in linking it to

Thursday, June 13, 2019

Oragnizational Behavior Business Research Paper

Oragnizational Behavior Business - Research Paper ExampleIn addition, there are problems of attrition and hiring & severance be (LaMalfa, 2007). Hence, it becomes imperative for the top executives of a firm to make plans and take steps for employee engagement and motivation. As a president of my company, I would make a opinionated plan for employee engagement and motivation. The same is discussed here. 2. Recognizing the need and meaning of employee engagement The first step in an employee engagement plan is to recognize its real meaning and need. It has been ensnare through research that engaged employees are those who are emotionally connected to the organizations business. This emotional connect is above pay scale, incentives, benefits or training. engage employees are more enthusiastic, productive and happy in their work. The board of directors and the top executives need to understand that engaged employees lead to signifi asst cost savings in recruitment and training and al so enable to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. They allow flexibility in business due to their capability to submit new skills and adapt to new businesses. The managers also need to realize that like other factors employee engagement can be planned and managed. 3. ... tions, compensation & benefits, training facilities, good word of the organization as a place to work, recommendation of companys products or services to friends and productivity (LaMalfa, 2007). The survey must follow a 5 point or 7 point Likert scale so that the qualitative responses can be converted into quantitative selective information for analysis. In addition to the questions, the comments of the employees can be noted separately so that different perspectives which cant be revealed by data can be known. On the questions, advanced data analysis techniques such as regression, factor analysis, cluster analysis and hypothesis testing would be used to generate useful insights. To measure the level of empl oyee engagement, I would also contemplate engaging Gallup which is one of the oldest consulting organizations in conducting engagement surveys. Alternatively, I would use Gallup Q.12, the 12 question survey prepared by the company for criterion (Vazirani, 2007). The same is shown in Appendix 1. 4. Identifying and analyzing the problems The analysis of data would help to identify the problem areas. A certain threshold score should be used for for each one area to accept or reject it as a problem area. After this the root cause analysis of each problem must be done using 5 Whys approach or Fish Bone diagram. Also a gap analysis needs to be performed at this dress to identify the distance to be travelled for transition from current level of employee engagement to future desired level. 5. Developing an employee engagement scheme Employee engagement strategy would be developed by considering hierarchical needs of employees across 3 levels- basic, intermediate and advanced. The basic level includes meeting employee needs regarding safe working conditions, design setting, training,

Wednesday, June 12, 2019

Policy Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Policy Issues - Essay ExampleThe foreign policy focuses much on the international relationships between countries. All policy makers should be wary of any unintended negative outcomes of policy decisions made.The world experienced the Great recess of 2007 to 2009 describe by rise in inflation, loss of the dollar value to other foreign currencies and general stagnation of the US economy. This called for government involvement in saving the economy and other adverse effects of the fadeout. The then president, George Bush instructed government officials to come up with measures to save the economy. An economic policy was devised where the government apply economic interventions such as comprehensive tax rebate, control of business entities and funding the Toxic Asset Relief Program. Controlling of businesses received significant amounts of loathsome from conservative economists (Lind, & Tamas, 2006). This is because, they believed that businesses have the ability to act rationally and maximize efficiency and profit. As a result, profitability in business will eventually change the economy. However, Bushs administration was keen to indicate that the government played a role in the private sector business.Economists and conservative policy makers viewed the recession issue as a result of inadequate regulation in the financial industry of the USA. The perception on economic regulation changed since it offered an opportunity for recovery. Consequently, the policy makers decisively concluded that economic regulation would maintain a good level of equity in the countrys economic system. The regulation aimed at changing some tax laws, adjusting ownership of property, an implementing the concepts of individual accountability. However, the issue of ownership of property was believed to have led to the supreme mortgage crisis. Moreover, there were minimal measures to spoil the financial institutions especially for the individuals who could not afford owning property .The

Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Bio Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bio Ethics - Essay ExampleThe numerous aspects affecting covering of bioethics continue to be identified as major debates of human enquiry. The allocation of scarce healthcare resources continues to be an increasingly discussed element of bioethics. As opposed to other ethical values of humans, bioethics concerns the application of ethical values in biological and medical practice. Commonly discussed bioethical values include aspects dealing with life, like abortion, surrogacy among others. Bioethics seeks to achieve biomedical practices exhibiting human dignity (Jonsen, p198). Though they can non be considered as moral values, the application of bioethics ensures proper undertaking of biomedical operations. Organ channel falls among the scarce healthcare resources that continue to be identified as essential bioethical elements. Organ transplant could be defined as biological tissue or organ gift from one person to another (Jonsen, p295). The person offering the biological tissu es is referred as donor and the person receiving, a recipient. The biological dilemma in organ transplant remains the ability for the donor to receive reimbursements for the donated biological tissues. Necessary legislation regarding the issue of conducting organ transplants differs within different countries. The various legislations existing in this flying field concern the availability of consent from the donating party. In opt-in system the requirement remains for donors to give consent, while in opt-out system the requirement remains for donor not to refuse. In the latter system, failure to refuse indicates a probable donor, while the former system offering consent confirms an individual as a donor. The organic issues regarding organ transplant remain naturally semantic. This follows the confusing definition of essential clinical terminologies. The translation of several clinical terminologies in the legal platform continues to be a debatable point within the aspect of organ transplant. The controversies revolving around the legal definition of terms like death, life, among others continue to create immense astonishment within the medical profession regarding organ donation (Rachels, p176). The legal determination of the qualifications of donors differs from the medical identification of donors. While an individual might meet all ask specifications of donors legally, the same individual might not meet the medical requirement. While the law requires donors to provide consents regarding acceptance to donate, medical testing might reveal the accident of transplant rejection. Following the legalization of organ selling, transplants continue to be viewed by many as treatment methods for the rich. Stereotypes continue to develop leading to donating individuals being perceive as extremely impoverished. Attaching commercial and financial values to biological organs essentially creates a controversial situation surrounding the transplant (Rachels, p189). In the substantial nations, for example, the demand for biological tissues surpasses the supply. In third-world countries the situation occurs in the opposite of the developed nations. Discussions continue to elicit mixed reactions among concerned parties. Within the underdeveloped countries, concerns continue to be mounted regarding exploitation of the poor by the rich. Introduction of financial reimbursement for donors appears as attractive to poor people as a method of improving stinting status. In one case involving Ruth Sparrow, the cleaning lady experienced financial constraint following gall bladder surgery. Having a medical bill of $20,000, the woman sought to trade her kidney on condition the hospital clears her pending bill. The administration refused the offer,

Monday, June 10, 2019

Analysis of the Film Inception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis of the Film Inception - Essay ExampleCobb who is a character that is played by Leonardo DiCaprio is a business raider of the highest score and is in the business of invading the minds of targets to steal the ideas that they might have. An influential billionaire goes on to hire him so that he can do the opposite of what he rattling does which will mean that he has to plant an idea into the mind of a rival. He is supposed to do it in perfectly in such a manner that the target will not have any clue that it has happened and will also think that it was his own idea.The task that he has been given has never been attempted prior to this time since he considers that our minds are as alert to foreign ideas as our immune system is to pathogens which makes it a task that is difficult and approximately impossible. The wealthy man that has hired Cobb for the job makes him an offer that is difficult to turn down. This offer by Saito, who is the wealthy man, is so good that it would e nable Cobb to return to his scale and family since he was in forced exile.Cobb brings a team together and in this part, the movie depends on the procedures that are well established in all the movies that lease heists. The accomplices that he chooses to work together with are introduced in different scenes to the viewers. Arthur, who is played by Joseph Gordon-Levitt, has been Cobbs associate for a long time Earnes, played by Tom Hardy is an extremely good at deception Yusuf, played by Dileep Rao is a reputable chemist.

Sunday, June 9, 2019

Medication Errors, Safety, Prevention and Reporting Essay

Medication Errors, Safety, Prevention and Reporting - Essay ExampleMedication errors that bay window lead to harmful effects on the patients can be prevented if nurses take the worthy responsibilities of safety and reporting. Medication errors, particularly related to nursing, are defined as the errors that might lead to improper use of medicament, create harm to the patients, when the patient is in charge of some healthcare professional or nurses (Medication Errors, 2013). Medication Errors, Safety, Prevention, and ReportingWhile medication errors may occur at any place, it has been found that the errors most commonly occur even when patients are in charge of any doctor, in nursing homes, under the case of nurses. It is exceedingly essential and recommended to consult doctors before taking any medication in order to avoid harmful effects or injuries resultant from wrong medications. An cause of medication error is intake of a prescription painkiller along with a non-prescriptio n painkiller. In such cases, the dosage exceed the limit that should be interpreted and thus cause damage to the livers. Thus safety measures need to be taken in order to avoid such errors in medication. Having a proper communication between the doctor and the nurses is one of the safest ways to clearly understand which drug is being provided to the patients (Medication Errors and Safety, 2010).It has been obtained that such medication errors can be prevented if certain chary measures are considered. In many cases, the doctor may prescribe a wrong medicine, or the pharmacist may provide with a wrong drug. In such cases the nurses take the role to catch the wrong being taking place and protect the patients from the wrong treatments. However, when nurses make such mistakes themselves, they might have to even off for their mistakes. It can be considered that nurses being humans, mistakes might occur by them as well. Thus it is necessary to take certain steps that can at least(preno minal) minimize such mistakes, particularly when the lives of patients are at cost. For this purpose, there are certain rights of medication administration that if followed by the nurses can prevent such errors (Lampert, 2012).These rights take on checking with two identifiers to ensure that the right medication is being provided to the intended patients. The names and the dates of birth of the patients should be checked in such cases along with checking the history of the patient. Checking the medication is another step that ensures that the intended medication is only provided and has not been mistaken with any other drug. The nurses should also check the appropriateness of the medication, and also the correctness of the amounts of the medications being offered to the patients (Lampert, 2012). These are some of the medication administration rights that need to be followed effectively by nurses in order to avoid medication errors. Some of the other stay measures that can avoid me dication

Saturday, June 8, 2019

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) Essay Example for Free

Trends in foreign Mathematics and comprehension Study (TIMSS) EssayThe Trends in world(prenominal) Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is an international comparative assessment to the highest degree mathematics and science preparation that is organized by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational exploit (IEA). The survey has been administered periodically in cycles of 4 years since 1995. Initially TIMSS was an acronym for the Third International Mathematics and Science Study, which identified its position as the third hit the books following the First and Second International Mathematics and Science Studies (FIMS SIMS) in 1964 and 1982 respectively. A similar study to the 1995 TIMSS (using the same technical framework) was carried out in 1999, and was referred to as the Third International Mathematics and Science Study Repeat (TIMSS-R). The 2003 study was the third cycle of studies based on the 1995 assessment framework, and the acronym TIMSS wa s redefined to mean Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (http//nces.ed.gov/timss). With funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the TIMSS assessment was to be offered to a greater extent timely in intervals of 4 years. Table 1 gives an overview on the TIMSS assessment, target populations, and the number of countries that participated in each administration.Table 1. TIMSS assessments and participating countries at the eighth grade level Study Name Acronym Year Number of Countries head population Grades tested Third International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS 1994/5 42 3rd /4th, 7th/8th , 12th Third International Mathematics and Science Study Repeat. TIMSS-R 1998/9 40 8th Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS 2002/3 46 4th 8th Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS 2006/7 Over 60 4th, 8th, (12th rescheduled 2008) TIMSS is considered the largest, most comprehensive, rigorous, and extensive international com parative educational study constantly conducted (Alejandro, 2000). It touches on almost every facet of the learning of science and mathematics.The 2003 TIMSS project was comprised of over 360 000 students, over 38 000 instructors, and over 12 000 school day principals, and as many a nonher(prenominal) as 1 500 contextual variables were included in addition to variables on student achievement scores (Nelson, 2002 TIMSS User guide 2003). TIMSS aims at providing form _or_ arranging of government makers and educational practitioners with discipline and indicators about their national educational systems from an international perspective. Alejandro argues that TIMSS serves a mirror play to participating countries to reflect comparatively on their education systems.Martin and Kelly (2004) designate that TIMSS tests go beyond measuring achievement to including a thorough investigation of curriculum and how it is delivered in classrooms around the world. In a nutshell, the assessme nt is perceived to be valid and reliable as a measure of student achievement. However, the TIMSS assessments are not without critics. Among the critical voices is that of Wolf (2002) who questions the validity issues of the TIMSS studies. His contention is that TIMSS, being an international assessment, may have testing procedures that are not appropriate for some countries usual testing practices.Related to that, Zuzovsky (2000) specifically questions the reliability of these tests. He argues that the heavily elaborated cryptography systems inherent in the TIMSS scoring procedures yield lower inter-rater consistency and also that translation of achievement tests into different languages brings the reliability of the assessments into question. The downside of cross-sectional assessments such as the TIMSS projects did not escape the attention of de Lange (2007) who questions the assumption behind international studies that a single test can give comparable measures of curriculum eff ects across countries.In spite of these criticisms, Alejandro, the chairman of IEA, sees the worth in countries participating in the TIMSS surveys. He argues that More than just league tables, the TIMSS data place achievement in an international context where it can be considered from multiple perspectives (Alejandro, 2000, p. 2). A similar statement was expressed more(prenominal) than 35 years ago by Bock (1970). He perceived the world as shrinking through technology. In support of international studies, he argued that through participation in international studies and by sharing educational reports, countries get a glimpse of each others cultural practices.The TIMSS international reports give an overall impression of the impact that different education factors have on students death penalty in different countries. It is by further engaging in secondary analysis of the TIMSS data and by conducting further studies connect to the findings of TIMSS assessments that countries bett er understand their schooling system. In particular, it is important to identify areas of concern and address those systematically rather than attempt to replicate another countrys curriculum system simply because the schooling system there seems to be effective.Education indicators are numerous and vary in their effect from country to country. It is thinkable that each of the 1,500 contextual variables administered in the TIMSS surveys were included because of some supporting writings on their influence on students learning. TIMSS as regulate of Educational Achievement The books on models of educational indicators and their achievement as a system together with research studies that model student learning achievement as a function of the characteristics of their schools and their family background is extensive (Oakes, 2006 Kaplan Elliott, 2007 Kaplan Kreisman, 2000 Koller, Baumert, Clausen, Hosenfeld, 2001).However, in spite of the extensive literature on the subject of mo deling of educational data, no single model of educational performance has gained widespread acceptance (Oakes, 2006 Nelson, 2002). This lack of a global model was noted by Nelson in relation to the TIMSS projects, that, although rigorously executed, and with all its popularity (with more participants than any other IEA study), TIMSS has not attempted to come up with a prescriptive model that relates educational factors to student achievement that can be applicable across nations. Nelson is adamantine that any attempt to provide a universal model would not be wise because countries differ in their educational policies and instructional practices so that a one-size fits- all model would not be realistic.That said, though models of educational performance seem diverse as suggested by the literature, in Haertel, Walberg, and Weinsteins (2003) view, they have more commonalities than differences. Haertel et al. conducted a meta-analysis of studies that modeled school performance data an d found that the presented models had a common structure. Though the models differed in their specifications, their structures were comprised of three categories of pre-existing conditions (cognitive/affective attributes and resources), instructional processes (opportunity to learn, gauge of instruction), and outcome measures (achievement, affective behaviors).These models presented student performance as a function of student, teacher, and/or school background variables. Studies of interest to my research are those that modeled students performance as a function of their background variables the model of interest that informed my variable selection is the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model by Oakes (2006), or Rand Model (Shavelson, McDonnell, Oakes, 2006). The IPO model has similar structural dowers as the models that were reviewed by Haertel et al. (2003) and models student achievement as a function of some resources. I selected this model for my conceptual framework because of i ts desktop of coverage of educational indicators.The model presents a holistic conception of student learning in a classroom setting and it appears frequently in literature that analyzes large scale data (e.g. Kaplan and Kreisman, 2000 Koller, Baumert, Clausen, Hosenfeld, 2001 analyzing TIMSS data). Additionally, it has been used extensively to guide education researchers in the selection, specification, and analysis of educational variables that correlate with student learning outcomes (Kaplan Elliott, 2007 Kaplan Kreisman, 2000 Koller, Baumert, Clausen, Hosenfeld, 2001).It is taken as one of the influential models in shaping public opinion and policy on how to foster school improvement. TIMSS Input-Process-Output Model The input-process-output (IPO) model by TIMSS is one of the change versions of the conventional input-output (IO) models of school organisational data (Glasman, Biniaminov, 2001). Glasman and Biniaminov reported that the input-output traditional model employ ed research strategies that measured changes in the systems outputs brought about by changes in the systems inputs. The IO model was criticized for not taking the academic environment into account and for oversimplifying the schooling process by portraying it as linear.According to Glasman and Biniaminov, the input-output analyses did not deal with characteristics of the dynamic and current interrelationships between students and teachers or those among students themselves (p. 509). To overcome the problem, Oakes model added a third component (processes) that mediated the input variables into the output variables and that also provided an educational context for the model. The process component focuses on classroom characteristics such as instructional quality issues (explained in the next section under measures for the model). Oakes model is therefore comprised of three components of an educational system inputs, processes, and outputs (IPO) (Figure1).Figure 1. A comprehensive Mod el of an Educational System INPUTS PROCESSES OUTPUTS Fiscal and Curriculum Achievement other quality resources School quality Instructional club Quality Dropouts Teacher Characteristics Teaching quality Student Attitudes Background Aspirations Note. The arrows indicate the direction of effect Briefly stated, according to Shavelson, McDonnell, and Oakes, (2001) the TIMSS models inputs are the humankind and financial resources available to education (p. 13) This includes teacher quality (e.g. certification and experience), student background (e.g. parents education and home possessions), and school quality (e.g. school climate).Its processes are what is taught and how it is taught (p. 13) This includes classroom characteristics such as curriculum quality (e.g. pace and coverage of materials), teaching quality (e.g. integration between teacher, pupil, and materials), and instructional quality (e.g. instructional tasks, teaching methods, and classroom climate) and its outputs are the consequences of schooling for students from different backgrounds (p. 13) such as academic achievement, participation (what percentage graduate versus drop out), and attitudes (e.g. any desires to continue studying math or career goals that are math related).The TIMSS model is complex and provides insight into how the various components of the education system relate to one another. As noted earlier, one of the shortcomings of the traditional input output model was its structure in which nested data was treated as though linear, and the TIMSS model addressed that problem. This was noted by Kaplan and Elliott that the TIMSS model, is one instantiation of the organizational structure of schooling that captures its hierarchal nature (Kaplan, Elliott, 2007 p. 221). The two suggested that the model was multilevel in form and was testable through statistical methodologies that take the multilevel nature of educational data into consideration.Kaplan and Elliot used the model for their fr amework to propose a model-based approach for validating educational indicators that explicitly took into account the organizational features of schooling. The two contended from their model that it was not necessary for every indicator that has ever been suggested for collection to actually appear in the model. To them, it is the research questions and the goals for the investigations that should determine which indicators to include in a statistical model. Nevertheless, Oakes (2006) certain that a single indicator of each component of the educational system was inadequate.What was needed, in his view, was for each component to have indicators of all its most critical dimensions, and, without a series of indicators that assesses all important facets of the schooling processes (the 3 components of the model), we can neither understand the systems overall health nor determine the conditions under which a particular goal is met (Oakes, 2006, p. 8). Oakes further observed that each of the three components appeared to be necessary but insufficient by itself to convey full information about school effects. That is, although a system of indicators measures distinct components of the education model, it also provides information about how the individual components work together to produce the overall effect.What can be deduced from Oakes remarks is that studies that model only one component of the educational system may not be doing an adequate job of conveying the necessary information about the school effects. Conclusions What I considered informative from TIMSS and through the deliberations by Kaplan and Elliott (2007) about TIMSSs model in general, and its use in particular, was how to utilize its structure to strike the different components of an education system holistically. It was of interest that the TIMSS model has flexible attributes in those variables could be rearranged to reflect the hierarchical nature of classroom data as certify in the current stu dy in subsequent chapters.In one study, Kaplan and Kreisman (2000) used the TIMSS model to validate indicators of mathematics education using its data. Rather than concourse their variables into the three distinct categories of Input-Process-Output as outlined in the model structure, they contended that since TIMSS model was inherently multilevel, a subset of the inputs and processes occurred at higher levels of the education system. As a result, they grouped their indicators into three organizational levels student, teacher, and school.That is to say, although TIMMS model (Figure 1) groups school resources, teacher quality, and student background as one category of input (or prerequisite) variables, these indicators occur at different hierarchical levels of the school organization. Some of the variables included in the Kaplan and Kreisman model were At student level mathematics achievement, attitude toward mathematics, utility of mathematics, parents education, and mothers expect ations. At teacher level method of instruction, teacher collaboration with colleagues, teachers level of education, and teaching experience. At school level opportunities for continuing professional development, good facilities, school climate, level of discipline, and outstanding teacher recognition.Needless to say, Kaplan and Kreismans (2000) variables were representative of the three components of the IPO model even though the variables were grouped differently. Some of the variables they used were coordination compound indicators. These were variables such as attitudes and methods of instruction. The two authors ran factor analyses to help group related items into the composite indicators and they had mathematics achievement as their outcome measure. In summary, TIMMS model is more of a conceptual framework than a prescriptive one.That is, it does not prescribe what variables one should include in a statistical model for testing educational performance, but offers guidance abou t the components from which to draw the variables. Directions for Future Research TIMSS data have opened extensive avenues for further research work. In conclusion, this paper has certify the complexities involved in TIMSS data. It is hoped that this study and other studies that continue to model TIMSS data and pilot TIMSS instruments will help to illuminate the factors that explain student achievement in the us and in many other countries and to direct policy interventions.